Availability Of Information Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accessibility Of Information Online - Essay Example E-learning is electronic based preparing which includes the exchange of directions and instructive material through the web or intranet or potentially CD-ROM (Mason, 2006). It might incorporate utilization of recordings, sound, or composed materials. Intelligent learning Reflective learning can be named one of the most punctual learning technique. This technique for learning can be clarified as intentionally pondering a circumstance and breaking down what one has done or is doing. The reasoning can include searching for shared characteristics, contrasts, and interrelations past their shallow components. It very well may be likewise observed as gaining from present or past experience (Moon, 2004). At long last, intelligent learning is the procedure by which one causes importance from encounters that to include more than just taking care of occasions yet additionally, the connection others, nature and the world. Intelligent learning empowers support, guarantees grouping of the understu dies and offers important structure for advancement of experts in their separate fields. Intelligent adapting likewise empowers educators to gain from their encounters of instructing and encourage understudies learning (Brookfield, 2000). By utilization of the Kolb cycle (a lot of four distinct stages) teachers can procure helpful model by which to build up their training. The suspicion of the Kolb cycle is that it is lacking to include an encounter to learn and that the cycle can be entered at any stage. The four phases of the Kolb cycle are solid experience, intelligent perception, dynamic conceptualization and dynamic experimentation. Solid experience includes real doing of a demonstration in order to have the direct understanding. Intelligent perception may include evaluating and pondering the experience procured (Scho?n, 1987). Deliberation conceptualization includes the reasoning procedure and finishing up of the learning experience. Dynamic experimentation is the arranging an d the giving a shot of the data and encounters obtained. It is clear that through intelligent learning, the speaker obtains the essential abilities which can empower the person in question adequately instructs and directs the understudies (Scho?n, 1987). E-learning and Reflective learning The presentation and proceeded with spread of e-learning may prompt the division of scholastics from the researchers and will in general lead to the expectation that classes can be triumphant without the up close and personal contact of the understudy with the educator. E-learning might be generally suitable if three elements are altogether tended to, which are innovation, instructional requirements, and training (Lynch, 2002). Nonetheless, most current hypotheses of picking up (counting E-learning) advance the idea of intelligent learning as fundamental for profound and huge learning. The headway in innovation has empowered e-figuring out how to conquer the customary disservices of utilizing innov ation to pick up understanding and information. (Stephenson, 2001) previously, internet learning was detached, utilizing the standard showing focused methodology. In any case, the e-learning approach utilized this days consolidates the intelligent hypothesis of getting the hang of empowering students to watch, reflect, plan, and even to design their own learning. The web based learning action, highlighting reflections and cooperation, endeavors to help understudies in self-coordinated learning and in improving their abilities and information through structuring customized learning programs that are appropriate to every understudy (Clarke,

Event industry of Australia-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: You are to compose anacademic essaywhichcritically discussesthe following proclamation: The occasions business is a successful and proper vehicle for the assistance of territorial turn of events. Answer: Occasion industry of Australia has begun to contribute altogether in the territorial improvement of the nation (Mills and Rosentraub 2013). The majority of the writing has featured just the financial advantage of the occasion business on local turn of events. Nonetheless, it exposition will feature the impacts of occasion industry on monetary, social and social and natural advancement of the area. Besides, the paper will basically talk about the manner by which occasion industry has become a viable and proper vehicle for assistance of local turn of events. Occasion industry is the most quickly developing industry in Australia. With the consistent and fast development of the business, it has wide commitment in the territorial improvement of the nation. The most well known segments in Australian occasion industry are celebrations, sports, music, the travel industry, super, corridor, business, culture and part more occasions (Mair and Whitford 2013). Expanding ubiquity of the Australian occasions has made Australian even industry sufficient, which has become a successful and proper vehicle for the help of local turn of events. In addition, even industry has extraordinary centrality on the contemporary society of the Australia. Occasion industry has huge commitment on territorial advancement of Australia through contributing in monetary turn of events, social and social turn of events and ecological and touristic improvement. The as a matter of first importance commitment of occasion industry on provincial advancement is its capacity to cultivate financial development of the locale. As indicated by Zaei and Zaei (2013), famous occasions exceptionally pull in the voyagers and crowd towards buying the occasion tickets. Along these lines, it supports the participants in going through cash to the food and drink things, convenience and different exercises. Also, Mills, B.M. also, Rosentraub (2013) expressed that one explicit occasion can encourage financial improvement of other encompassing efficient food and refreshment area, lodging part, transportation division and others. While considering the model Melbourne Cup in Melbourne, it tends to be discovered that Melbourne Cup game exceptionally contributes in the monetary advancement of Melbourne district. Besides, the participants spend nearly AUD $200 on the neighborhood business improvement every day more than 10 days time span (Victoria Racing Club 2017). Mackellar and Nisbet (2017) brought up that occasion industry contributes in the monetary improvement of the area through production of plentiful of openings for work for the jobless people. Such expanded business at last builds the expense and income of the legislature from the assessment gathered from the utilized people. Then again, Veselovsky et al. (2015) opined that the occasion divisions have likewise noteworthy commitment in neighborhood government through commitment of charges. Along these lines, occasion industry contributes in the financial advancement of area. While considering the case of Big Day Out Music Event of Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Gold Coast, it very well may be discovered that Big Day Out occasion has gigantic commitment in the formation of businesses in these districts. The occasion was first appeared in the year 1992. The occasion is continually making plentiful openings for work for the jobless people of these districts. Also, this music occasion has made practically 10% openings for work for the jobless people of such districts (Bigdayout.com 2017). According to Hansen (2013), occasion industry contributes in the advancement of the travel industry and economy through occasion the travel industry in the area. Additionally, such occasion the travel industry draws in tremendous worldwide visitors in the area for getting a charge out of the particular fascination of that specific locale. Along these lines, the occasion business has colossal commitment in the travel industry improvement and financial advancement of the area through the incomes gathered from the sightseers going to the travel industry occasion. While considering the proof from Australia Day in the most popular urban communities of Australia, it tends to be discovered that such occasion pulls in tremendous quantities of voyagers both from household just as universal nations. Along these lines, remote monetary forms added to the neighborhood money really prompts financial development of the locales. Occasion industry has tremendous effect on the social and social improvement of the area. As indicated by Ziakas (2013), the cooperative exertion of the network individuals towards orchestrating a unique occasion prompts shared understanding of the individuals among the network. In addition, the coordinated effort of various individuals in the occasion programs expands the network cooperation of the individuals. Along these lines, occasion industry encourages in upgrading the long range interpersonal communication inside the network. Moreover, Lew (2014) opined that occasion programs unite individuals and direct them towards open and inventive thoughts for network development. Along these lines, such harmony at last improves the degree of social union and trust of the network individuals among one another. Such social holding has enormous effect on expanded approval of network individuals through solid network solidarity. While thinking about the case of Falls Festival of Victoria, T asmania and New South Wales accumulates immense quantities of network individuals through the ubiquity of its Music and Art Events. Being appeared in the year 1993, this occasion has increased gigantic fame among the individuals, which assembles enormous individuals at the occasion appear. Along these lines, the communitarian get-together of the network individuals invigorates nearby relationship among the network individuals, which improves the personal satisfaction of the network individuals (Fallsfestival.com 2017). Mair and Whitford (2013) called attention to that occasion industry cultivates rejuvenation of convention among the area, which upgrades the approval of social estimation of the district. In addition, rejuvenation of the travel industry prompts social pride of the locale to the visitors. Then again, Getz and Page (2016) opined that some extraordinary occasions like provincial celebrations draw in worldwide too entomb local vacationers. Thusly, such occasions improve the social joint effort and development of social viewpoints for the locale. While considering the case of Brisbane Festival in Brisbane locale, it has been discovered that Brisbane Festival territorial craftsmanship celebration had been introduced in the year 1996. Also, this worldwide workmanship celebration assembles individuals from various areas of Australia just as universal nations (Australia.gov.au 2017). Along these lines, this specific occasion improves the common vision of district through intercultural corresp ondence. Occasion industry has additionally enormous commitment in the natural improvement of the locales. Be that as it may, it's anything but a precise and direct vehicle of natural improvement of any area. Mackellar and Nisbet (2017) expressed that the degree and engaging quality of occasion programs are to a great extent reliant on urban change and recharging for appropriate game plan of the occasion appears. Along these lines, urban change and recharging lead to natural manageability of a specific district. Then again, Lew (2014) opined that occasion industry altogether contributes in expanding ecological mindfulness among the network individuals. Thusly, occasion industry makes a stride towards ecological supportability. While thinking about the case of Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, it very well may be seen that Melbourne Food and Wine Festival utilizes for the most part biodegradable cleaning items for upgrading the ecological manageability of (Melbourne Food and Wine Festival 2017 ). Then again, such occasion divisions additionally hold fast to Infrastructural heritage for encouraging ecological maintainability. While closing the examination, it tends to be said that occasion industry of Australia has gigantic commitment on provincial improvement through financial, social and natural advancement of the locales. Occasion programs increment the nearby financing of the district through the ticket bought by the occasion participants. Additionally, a specific occasion can likewise have critical effect on the monetary improvement of its encompassing systematic lodgings, transportations, cafés and part more. Then again, the joint effort exertion of the network individuals towards organizing an occasion program really expands the social union of the network individuals. Aside from that, occasion industry likewise improves the ecological consciousness of individuals among the network. Along these lines, it very well may be said the occasions business is a compelling and suitable vehicle for the assistance of territorial turn of events. Reference List Australia.gov.au. 2017.Festivals in Australia | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/celebrations in-australia [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Bigdayout.com. 2017.Big Day Out. [online] Available at: https://www.bigdayout.com/[Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Fallsfestival.com. 2017.Falls Festival 2017/18. [online] Available at: https://fallsfestival.com/[Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Getz, D. what's more, Page, S.J., 2016. Progress and prospects for occasion the travel industry research.Tourism Management,52, pp.593-631. Hansen, T., 2013. Connecting territorial advancement: cross-fringe joint effort in the resund Region.Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography,113(1), pp.25-38. Lew, A.A., 2014. Scale, change and strength in network the travel industry planning.Tourism Geographies,16(1), pp.14-22. Mackellar, J. furthermore, Nisbet, S., 2017. Game occasions and incorporated goal development.Current Issues in Tourism,20(13), pp.1320-1335. Mair, J. furthermore, Whitford, M., 2013. An investigation of occasions explore: occasion subjects, topics and rising trends.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,4(1), pp.6-30. Melbourne Food and Wine Festival. 2017.Melbourne Food Wine Festival. [online] Available at: https

Freshman Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Freshman Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Freshman Decisions are Available Final freshman decisions are now available online. We had a very strong applicant pool this year! We had just over 21,000 applications, which was our largest applicant pool ever. Here are a few notes about decisions: Please do not have multiple family members try to log onto the myStatus. This will slow down our serves. We suggest that only the student log in as multiple people logging in could lock down your myStatus. You can always share this information with family members after you see it. Remember, the myStatus page might be a little slow when it first opens due to high traffic volume-Just be patient. No matter what your decision is, remember that there are a number of college options and UGA is just one of them. An admissions decision is not a judgement about your worth. A majority of our applicants are strong, qualified applicants, but our freshman class is not big enough to accommodate everyone. We posted three blog posts this morning, one for each of the three decision possibilities, with details about each decision and links to FAQs. Please review everything about a decision before commenting. Please remember that other students and the admissions representatives in our office are people too and treat everyone with respect. Before hitting submit on a comment, make sure you actually want to post it. As in past years, we have admitted a small group of freshman to start in the Spring 2015 term. Please make sure to look at the term of acceptance if you are admitted. We will post statistics about the overall applicant group next week, once that information is available. I will not be able to give out statistics in the days following the release of decisions, as I do not have them. We will delete any comments that are offensive, ask for personal information/stats from others, or that fall into the unacceptable comment category (Comments that bully, intimidate, or harass any user; Content that is hateful or threatening. Please see the New Visitors information posted on the right side of the blog). After decisions are out, the next steps are up to you. Whether you are depositing at UGA or another school, signing up for Housing, or registering for Orientation. Make sure you take care of everything you need to post-decision. Go Dawgs!

Important Element For Employee s Career Growth - 913 Words

Summary: Some multicultural characteristics that can cause individuals to sell themselves short and lack of confidence. Women are actually more likely to express their lack of confidence. The feeling of â€Å"I don’t belong here† is a mental barrier that is part of the multicultural characteristics that hold people back. Their competence and performance were never an issue. All employees want to be included in communicating inclusiveness, multicultural employees tend to feel as though they are not included or that their opinion is not valued. Multicultural employees are considered to be polychromic employees. This leads managers to believe that they are not ready for a promotion and prefer to be stuck in their comfort zone. Moving from supporting role to headliner, many diverse employees believe that in order to advance their careers their performance must be good. Top executives also require that they have created and developed a good organizational reputation and credibility. Getting and giving critical feedback is an important step to advancing one career path. An important element for employee’s career growth is feedback. When an employee is not getting feedback, particularly critical feedback, it can and has ruined many careers. Millennial employees will request a wide range of responsibilities, even on the first day of work and do not be astonished will they completed the entire assigned responsibilities. They have a can-do attitude, but often require frequent feedbackShow MoreRelatedEmployee Training and Career Development Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Training and development are important factors to the success of any organization. Each employee is a valuable asset that can either add to the success a company or contribute to its failure. Training supports and makes possible the development of new skills and knowledge. Offering training for employees at various levels within an organization assist employees develop the necessary skills and proficiency to be successful in their careers as well as prepare for new responsibilitiesRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Employee Training Program1441 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations tend to overlook employee training and development because of the costs incurred in the process. In the contemporary organization, an employee training program is an indispensable tool for human resource managers, which when effectively implemented, can enable a firm to have a competitive advantage over its industry peers (Noe et al., 2003). Not only does a training program help to address weak lin ks in the organization, but also helps to improve employee performance at the workplaceRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On Employee Performance Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages Using Motivation to Improve Employee Performance Outline I. IDENTIFY THINGS THAT MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES A. Draft clear goals and expectations B. Provide an accurate and timely feedback C. Provide opportunities for growth D. Make employees part of a team and include them in decision-making II. IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION A. Provide the right wages to employees with different levels of expertise and experience B. Take consideration of employee opinions and ideas C. Determine clearlyRead MoreEvaluation Of A Good Performance Management System Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pages In order for a good performance management system to work every employee in the organization needs to understand what is expected of them, are focused on work that supports organizational goals and priorities. Organizations need to make sure that employees are properly rated and acknowledged for their contributions; and employees should know how their performance will be measured. It is a good idea for employees to participate in developing their performance objectives so that there is a mutualRead MoreSouthwest Airlines and Its Business Strategy 1097 Words   |  5 Pagesper day. With the industry average sitting at one or two flights per day, Southwest set itself leaps apart by averaging 10 to 12 hours. Maximizing utilization and minimizing ground time were the key elements to Southwest s profitability.   By choosing the 737 as the airplane for all of Southwest s flights, the company saved time and resources in training its employees. The crew could be easily substituted for one another due to the extensive training on the 737. Low costs and, therefore, low faresRead MoreThe Importance Of Training For A Job1697 Words   |  7 Pagesperformance. This includes: †¢ identification of training necessities †¢ Framing suitable training programs †¢ providing essential job skills and knowledge to employees †¢ evaluating the effectiveness of training programs. Development is the realization or growth of a person’s ability, through conscious or unconscious learning. Development programs usually comprise phases of planned study and experience, and are usually supported by a counselling or coaching facility. Development happens when a gain in experienceRead MoreIdentify and Explain Five Metrics Used to Evaluate Hr Performance1340 Words   |  6 PagesProductivity 4.Compensation and Pay Management 5. Performance Management TALENT RETENTION MANAGEMENT Talent Retention Management is an organization s commitment to recruit, retain, and develop the most talented and superior employees available in the job market. So, talent management is a useful term when it describes an organization s commitment to hire, manage and retain talented employees. It comprises all of the work processes and systems that are related to retaining and developingRead MorePersonal And Professional Career Plan1376 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The realization of this paper respond to different motivations, both as personal and professional. As result, my individual career plan includes aspects that enriches and improves me with a view to achieving objectives within any given organization. These aspects and actions that lead to the fruit of their own initiative. From the professional level, formal vocational training and completing my master degree has been my new goal. My field of work as a law enforcement officer throughout anRead MoreA Comprehensive Plan Of Growth Without Compromising Company Standards849 Words   |  4 PagesFoxTrot needs a comprehensive plan to keep up with growth without compromising company standards. All departments are growing at a very rapid pace. Each year, staff members almost double in number but growth comes with advantages and disadvantages. It is important to maintain cohesiveness among workers, provide them proper directions, and keep them well informed. FoxTrot’s ultimate goal is to keep the middle management very lean and at the same time, maintain one hundred percent productivity. TheRead MoreManagement Principles And Organizational Behaviour : Case Study1443 Words   |  6 Pagesto you are the reason for discouragement. Give your answer from Maslow s hierarchy of Needs. One of the challenges faced by Management is employee motivation. By motivation we refer to  «an employee s intrinsic enthusiasm about and drive to accomplish activities related to work. Motivation is that internal drive that causes an individual to decide to take action  » - Susan M. Heathfield ; ‘www.thebalance.com/what-is-employee-motivation-1918108’ August 26, 2016 Motivation is a complex, intrinsic driving

Social Entrepreneurship - 921 Words

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP When I was a kid, I could have been what people would now call a social entrepreneur or socialpreneur. A lot of people would have fallen into this category. To help your school or church or youth group, you may have sold chocolate bars door-to-door. People bought them, even if they didnt like chocolate; because they knew the money would go to support a worthy cause. Both the seller and purchaser are examples of social consciousness in action. Now my own children, bring home their school fundraisers from school and we too buy the over priced products, not because they are great products, but because it supports their school, a good cause. Todays socially conscious entrepreneurs,†¦show more content†¦In 1994, Time Magazine named Wendy among the 40 Most Promising Leaders Under 40. Wendy was named one of Americas Best Leaders by U.S. News and World Report in 2006. As Ian Huschle, one of Wendy Kopp’s first employees said I heard a great definition of an entrepreneur yesterday, as someone who looks at the calculations, sees that they dont add up, and goes forward anyway, on the conviction that theyll work out. Thats what Wendy does. Quoted by Ms. Kopp herself, she said I look at where am I going to have the most impact -- if I do this for three years or if I teach for three years, Ms. Kopp, now 33, said when asked why she never tried the classroom herself. I think Teach for America has suffered from the fact that I did not teach, in a major way. I also think if I had taught, I wouldnt have started Teach for America. The bottom line in summarizing this analysis of social entrepreneurs is that they recognize a social problem and use their entrepreneurial principles to achieve social change. 3 As John Kenneth Galbraith said, â€Å"All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership. This is exactly what Wendy Kopp did. Contributers: Social entrepreneurship. (2011, February 11). In Wikipedia,The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedSocial Entrepreneurship1768 Words   |  8 PagesAssess the importance of social entrepreneurship in the local context. 1.0 Definition of Social Entrepreneurship A social entrepreneur identifies and solves social problems on a large scale. Just as business entrepreneurs create and transform whole industries, social entrepreneurs act as the change agents for society, seizing opportunities others miss in order to improve systems, invent and disseminate new approaches and advance sustainable solutions that create social value. Unlike traditionalRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship2389 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is social entrepreneurship? The animation is made to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship to the general public and raise awareness of the importance of this type of business.... Social entrepreneurship  is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Conventional  entrepreneurs  typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneursRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship And Social Innovation1502 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Entrepreneurship The term â€Å"social entrepreneurship† first appeared in the scholarly literature over 35 years ago in a publication titled The Sociology of Social Movements (Banks,1972). However, Social entrepreneurship has its origins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when philanthropic business owners and industrialists like Robert Owen, demonstrated a concern for the welfare of employees by improving their working, schooling and cultural lives. Since then, social entrepreneurshipRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship : A Social Entrepreneur1929 Words   |  8 PagesSocial entrepreneurship is a new term that has increased in usage over the last twenty years. I can remember being a child and hearing individual’s talk about becoming an entrepreneur nothing related to becoming a social entrepreneur. When conducting research on this topic I found two names that were a reoccurrence in who developed the term social entrepreneurship and they are Vinoba Bhave who founded India’s Land Gift Movement and the second being Robert Owen who founded cooperative movement, FlorenceRead MoreWhat is Social Entrepreneurship?2052 Words   |  8 PagesSocial entrepreneurship is a term that is looking for a steady definition. The use of the term is currently vague and pretty much useless. The lack of a definition raises many questions about which topics fall underneath the idea of social entrepreneurship. To become of importance in the entrepreneurial world, SE needs to be properly defined and requires a subjective foundation. According to Brouard and Larivet (2010), social entrepreneurship represents a variety of activities and processes to createRead MoreSocial And Institutional Barriers Of Social Entrepreneurship2039 Words   |  9 PagesSocial entrepreneurship is the method used by startup corporations and other entrepreneurs to recognize the social problems and achieve a social change by employing entrepreneurial principles, processes and operations to create, fund and implements innovative ideas with the potential to solve social, cultural, or environmental problems. It is the process of focusing on the improvement of existing conditions. It is seeing an opportunity to remove social and institutional barriers while addressingRead MoreEntrepreneurship And The Economic And Social Development2207 Words   |  9 Pagesdecades, it has become clear the importance of the entrepreneurial phenomenon in the economic and social development of the regions involved in its creation, and their contribution to mitigate the problems of unemployment, and the improvement of competitiveness within the productive sectors. Consequently, from the political, business and academic fields it has been a growing interest towards entrepreneurship, and especially for everything that contributes to promoting and encouraging the creation of newRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship1926 Words   |  8 PagesEveryone describes social entrepreneurship differently. While many have been able to describe the traits and features of a social entrepreneur there doesn’t seem at all to be a consensus about the definition of what constitutes the field of social entrepreneurship. Susan Davis and David Bornstein in their book, Social Entrepreneurship: What Everyone Needs to Know define social entrepreneurship as â€Å"a process by which citizens build or transform institutions to advance solutions to social problems suchRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship Within New Zealand Essay1808 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction Social entrepreneurship within New Zealand, is a relatively new sector. Thus, it is largely an undeveloped field, and highly lacking in literary writing. The aim of this report is to clarify social entrepreneurships’ characterization and how it is defined within the New Zealand sector. Furthermore, it aims to examine constraints that an independent investor, wanting to start-up a social enterprise, in New Zealand may encounter in the current environment, including funding optionsRead MoreThe Idea Of Social Entrepreneurship2201 Words   |  9 PagesOn the idea of social entrepreneurship The idea of social entrepreneurship implies diverse things to various individuals and analysts (Dees, 1998). One gathering of scientists alludes to social enterprise as not-revenue driven activities looking for option financing methodologies, or administration plans to make social worth (Austin, Stevenson, and Wei-Skiller, 2003; Boschee, 1998). A second gathering of analysts comprehends it as the socially mindful routine of business organizations occupied

African American History Free Essays

African american history Free Essays Most historians agree that slavery was among the most decisive factors that led to the Civil War. Thus, Abraham Lincoln, writing to Alexander Stephens, the will-be vice-president of the Confederation, while agreeing not to interfere with the slavery issue, admitted that the issue of slavery was â€Å"the rub† also adding: ‘It certainly is the only substantial difference between us’ (Spicer, 2004, p. 45). We will write a custom essay sample on African american history or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issue of slavery was also regarded by Stephens himself, according to his later acknowledgements, as ‘the immediate cause of the late rupture’ (Spicer, 2004, p. 46). While the Southern states believed in slavery as the natural condition of Africans, in the Northern states the participants of the abolitionist movement had succeeded in convincing the public of the immorality of slavery as an institution. The fight over the slavery issue that led to the Civil War broke out over the new territories joining the union, for instance, with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the annexation of a large territory following the victory in the Mexican war. Since each state was given the chance to join as ‘pro-slave’ or ‘free-soil’ territory, conflicts persisted (Spicer, 2004, p. 46). This conflict reflected in the Missouri Compromise of the 1820 and the ‘Bleeding Kansas’ struggle of between supporters and opponents of slavery was destined to break out at some point. There were plenty of courageous individuals who bravely put themselves in the way of slavery, trying to defy its existence and the ambition of the Southern states to extend their system into the newly acquired territories. These people fomented the Civil War with their actions. Among them was â€Å"blood-spilling intransigence of John Brown, the tear-jerking Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the courageous act of William Lloyd Garrison who burnt the US Constitution as a â€Å"covenant with death† (Hitchens, 2005, p. 121). Fuelling the war was the whole Abolitionist movement with its Underground Railroad, the secretive network to help fugitive slaves escape to freedom. Thus, slavery was undoubtedly the main issue that fuelled the outbreak of the Civil War. However, it was so deeply interconnected with other aspects that it was hard to separate it from, for instance, the economic part of the question. Since Southern slave-owners depended on the preservation of slavery for their profits off their cotton plantations, there was certainly an economic interest present. Many of the Southern leaders who went to war to protect their right to have slaves were also slave-owners. With the invention of the cotton gin, using slaves to grow cottons promised even greater revenues. At the same time, there is no indication that the North was unanimously opposed to slavery as an institution. The Northern shipping industry recognized the profits that were associated with slave trade. Moderate politicians like Lincoln were not likely to clamp down on slavery in any way that would alienate the southern states. Others, including Thomas Jefferson, thought that â€Å"slavery was on its way out, doomed to die a natural death† (American Civil War). They were more inclined to watch this process passively than take an active stance against it. However, the abolitionist cause in the North and passionate speeches by activists like John Brown instigated northerners to believe that it was wrong to compromise where such serious moral issues were at stake. To the South, the issue of slavery was not merely a moral issue of whether it was appropriate to own a human being of African descent or not. It was to them the defence of their right to establish their local economic system in the way they thought fit, a symbol of the territories’ right to self-determination. Apart from the â€Å"constitutional argument over whether or not a state had a right to leave the Union†, they were also interested in â€Å"the continuation of antebellum southern culture† (Leidner, 2006). This willingness to self-determination was expressed by Major General John B. Gordon in his â€Å"Reminiscences Of The Civil War†: To the charge of the North that secession was rebellion and treason, the South replied that the epithets of rebel and traitor did not deter her from the assertion of her independence, since these same epithets had been familiar to the ears of Washington and Hancock and Adams and Light Horse Harry Lee. In vindication of her right to secede, she appealed to the essential doctrine, â€Å"the right to govern rests on the consent of the governed,† and to the right of independent action as among those reserved by the States. Thus, although slavery cannot be considered the only issue that led to the Civil War, the impact of this problem on North-South relationships is evident in most events that led up to the war. This, for instance, concerns the debate over counting slaves for the purposes of voting that erupted between the delegates of the North and the South at the Constitutional Convention. The Northerners argued that if â€Å"the Southern slaves were mere property, then they should not be counted toward voting representation in Congress† (American Civil War). As a result, the Southerners were forced into a compromise in which one slave was counted as three-fifths of a free man. This compromise reflected that tensions between the North and South over slavery were also a struggle for power. The ban or permission to have slaves automatically put the state into a category and inspired its citizens to side with one party or the other. These two categories, the slave-owning states and free-soil ones, constituted deep opposition to each other. The issue of slavery, therefore, was the main cause of the Civil War. From this issues, however, there stemmed other issues that precipitated the war: the conflict between different cultures, economic interests of Southern plantation owners, and the South’s belief in its power to make decisions for itself. Thus, the war was caused by dissent over slavery that was fuelled by a number of other controversies. References Gordon, J.B. (2002). Causes of the Civil War (Chapter I). In J.B. Gordon. Reminiscences of The Civil War. Retrieved March 12, 2006, from http://www.civilwarhome.com/gordoncauses.htm Hitchens, C. (2005, May). The Man Who Ended Slavery: Slandered by Craven Abolitionists as Unhinged, John Brown Was in Fact an Eloquent, Cool-Headed Tactician Who Succeeded in His Long-Range Plan Launching a Civil War. The Atlantic Monthly 295 (4), 121+. Leidner, G. (2006). Causes of the Civil War: A Balanced Answer. Retrieved March 12, 2006, from http://members.tripod.com/~greatamericanhistory/gr02013.htm Spicer, J.   (2004). ‘The Cause’ of the American Civil War: John Spicer Judges That Slavery Was the Key Factor in Producing the Conflict. History Review 49, 45+. The American Civil War: Causes. Retrieved March 12, 2006, from http://www.swcivilwar.com/cw_causes.html How to cite African american history, Papers African American History Free Essays

Business Processes of Oz Supermarket-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Write a well presented report for the above outlining the business operation. Provide three recommendations that are well substantiated with journal literature and referenced correctly. 2.Provide an additional option to the above suggestion to improve customer service. Provide three suggestions into improving business service/operation offerings. Answers Introduction A chain of supermarket namely, Oz Supermarket is ready to mitigate or stop the queues at the billing sector. This retail shop encourages consumers to enter the store, take whatever they need and finally can exit the store. For achieving this objective, the supermarket has adapted a new technology known as the Pay Wave technology. This technology never allows money. A consumer has to wave his or her Pay Wave card before entering the store and is then allowed to enter. To track each and every trolley, special RFID readers are instated (Amendola et al., 2014). Whenever an item is picked or selected, the item is automatically lined for payment. When the item is deleted from the trolley, the item gets deleted. This makes shopping easy for the customers and the billing is easier for the store cashier. The report outlines a brief description of the case study of Oz Supermarket and certain recommendations that will make the business operations of the supermarket easier. The report further covers the details of those recommendations and how will the recommendations help the Oz Supermarket in mitigating their complex business operations. The description of the report is given in the following paragraphs. Discussion Oz Supermarket Oz Supermarket is a new retail chain, which stocks non-perishable, stationary and household goods. This supermarket is set up to mitigate or reduce the exit queues at the checkout points. The business processes of this supermarket are extremely proficient to attain their goals and profit. The only aim of the business processes of this supermarket is to achieve their goals. The supermarket wants to reduce the exit queues for the benefit of both the customers and the salespersons. To achieve this goal, they have adopted Pay Wave technology (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). This technology encourages the customers to come inside the market, grab whatever they want and after taking the goods, they can leave the market. Pay Wave technology never allows money. A consumer has to wave his or her Pay Wave card before entering the store and is then allowed to enter. To track each and every trolley, special RFID readers are instated. Whenever an item is picked or selected, the item is automatically lined for payment. When the item is deleted from the trolley, the item gets deleted. (De Marco et al., 2012). When a particular item is picked or selected, it is automatically queued for payment. When the item is removed, it gets deleted automatically. Consumers take their goods as they do shopping. When their shopping is done, the consumer can easily leave the retail shop. The total bill is charged with the card utilized as the consumer goes out of the retail store. The benefit of this technology is that there are no queues at the checkouts. The consumers, who do not have a Pay Wave card such as the children and the tourists, they will proceed towards the front desk to give temporary cash deposit. These customers will be issued a store issue Pay Wave card, which will enable them to do shopping. They will be able to leave the retail store just like all the other customers (Wang et al., 2014). The balance will be given back in cash or recorded so that it can be utilized for shopping in future. When the amount is not sufficient to cover the shopping, an alarm will ring. Tagging every item with an RFID chip incurs extra overheads. Recommendations There are few recommendations that can improve the business processes of Oz Supermarket. The three recommendations to improve the business processes are as follows:Security: Security is the main issue that will come in mind for the Pay Wave technology in the supermarket. Hacking can be easily done in such cards. There are few steps that can increase the security of the business processes of Oz Supermarket. The Pay Wave card should contain a specific signature authentication for all customers. This signature will help the store managers to mitigate or stop hacking completely (Niranjanamurthy et al., 2013). Without the signature verification, customers will not be able to able to buy anything from the supermarket. When the customers will feel safe, they will definitely recommend other customers to buy from this supermarket. Malware is a malicious software, that is designed to damage or penetrate a computer without the consent of the user. Any kind of spyware, Trojan horses, computer wo rms, viruses, scare ware can be claimed as malware. Malware can be present in various emails, unauthorized websites or can be hidden in videos, photos, flies, freeware, shareware that can be downloaded from internet (Misra, Verma Sharma, 2014). The best and the easiest way to nullify from getting affected is to avoid clicking on suspicious email links or websites, run a good anti-virus protection program and do periodic scans for spyware. Virus: Malware programs or codes, which can replicate itself and infect other computers. Spyware:it secretively collects and detects data about the user, his browsing habits, and his computer without the consent of the user generally for broadcasting purposes. Spyware can even collect information from the address book of the user, and get the data of his passwords and Pay wave card numbers (Daya, 2013). Unlike worms and viruses, spyware normally does not replicate. The above problems can be solved using the signature verification step. The hackers will not be able to hack the cards and there will be no security issues. Engaging More Staffs: The tourists and the children might not know the system or the business processes of Oz supermarket. More staffs should be appointed and engaged who will be available all the time to help the customers who are new to the supermarket. The supermarket has a self check system (Green, 2012). However, the tourists and children will not be easily accustomed with the system or maybe they will not be able to understand the system. These staffs with a tag of Help Me will help these tourists and children to understand the supermarket system and to check out without problem. Using Cheaper Tags: RFID tags are installed in every item to get a track of that good or item. However, these tags are expensive and this can increase the budget of the supermarket. Instead of using such expensive tags like RFID, Oz Supermarket can use cheaper tags (De Marco et al., 2012). This will reduce or mitigate the overall budget of the supermarket. Moreover, since RFID tags are expensive, it is tough to maintain them. Cheaper tags will be easier to maintain as well as cost effective The above mentioned three recommendations can help Oz Supermarket to improve their business processes and to get more profit in their business. 2.The above mentioned recommendations will help Oz Supermarket to improve their business processes. An additional option to the above suggestion to improve customer service can be the Home Delivery Option. The customers can shop online and there will be an option of home delivery. The customers, who are unable to reach the store for shopping, can shop from home and the store managers will arrange a system, through which the items and the products will reach the customers easily. This will make the customers comfortable and they will easily accept the supermarket. This will further increase the profit and the popularity of Oz Supermarket. Three recommendations to improve business service and operation offerings such as customer feedback, product quality review are as follows:Installing Accounting Software: Accounting software indicates a particular type ofperformance software, which processes and accumulates transactions that are related to accounting within diverse functional modules. The transactions are payroll,nominal ledger, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The accounting software works like an information system of accounting (Lim, 2013). It can be developed by the company using the software, can be bought from athird party, or can be an amalgamation of a third-party implementation package of software withindigenous modifications. Accounting software can be online based, or can be accessed at any time anywhere with any Internet enabled device, or it can be desktop based although it varies hugely in its cost and complexity. This accounting software will help the supermarket to achieve the goals and objec tives (Hall, 2012). There are various accounting software that will help to minimize the systems complexity of the Oz Supermarket. Customer Feedback: Customer feedback is important for marketing of all organizations. There are few reasons why customer feedback is important for any product. Improve the Service: Feedback ofcustomers is commonly utilized throughout the development process of the product to make sure that the product or service should solve the problem of a customer or consummates a necessity (Olsson Bosch, 2015). The best and innovative organizations in the world are good at generating products and services that fulfills the requirements of the customers and overreach the expectations of them. In this case, the customer feedback is important to understand the requirements of the customers Customer Satisfaction: Measuring the satisfaction of the customers helps a company to understand that whether the product or service is meeting or surpassing the expectations of the customers. Feedback surveys help to measure satisfaction of customers (Jannach, Zanker Fuchs, 2014). This can be done by filling up forms by the customers, who are visiting the supermarket on a regular basis. Better Customer Experience: The customer experience can be improved through customer feedback. The procedure of starting a brand new business and keeping the existing customers can be tougher (Nasr et al., 2014). However, through improving the customer experience, this problem can be solved. Improve Customer Retention: Customer feedback offers a direct line of communication with the customer so Oz Supermarket can determine if the customers are not happy with the product or service, the supermarket is delivering before they lose their business. Tangible Data: Customer feedback delivers tangible data, which can be utilized to make the decisions of the business better (Olsson Bosch, 2015). Oz supermarket can understand their position in the market and their business decisions would be easier. Marketing Campaigns: Customer feedback helps to recognize the market leader. This feedback will help Oz supermarket to understand their marketing position and how they are accepted by the customers (Rego, Morgan Fornell, 2013). If they feel that the customers are not happy with their service, they will have to change their marketing strategies, that will help them to attain their position back in the market. Product and Service Review: Product and Service reviews are important part of any stores marketing and branding. These reviews help to build loyalty and trust and describe what makes the products or services different from others. Oz supermarket should keep a system for their product and service review (Ahmad Laroche, 2015). This will help them to understand their drawbacks and shortcomings and finally they can improve their service. Service reviews are the factors that either make or break the relationship between a supermarket and its customers. When the store is getting positive reviews, the marketing team of the store will be relaxed that the service is good (Lee Shin, 2014). However, if the product and service reviews are negative, the marketing department will have to think about a separate strategy that will make better position in the market. Another important aspect of product and service reviews is that they provide the advertising, marketing and branding of the Oz Superm arket (Hong, Chen Hitt, 2012). This review helps to advertise the supermarket. Product and service reviews are a salient way to interact with the customers directly and know their point of view about the service. This review will even help Oz Supermarket to improve or alter the services provided by them to the customers. With the correct follow up of these reviews, Oz Supermarket will accurately know the loopholes of its services and where they can be improve them (Mackiewicz Yeats, 2014). This will lead to a positive experience for the consumers, which will bring more profit to their business in the future. The above three suggestions will help Oz Supermarket to improve their business operations and services and bring more customers and profit in their business. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, Oz Supermarket is a new retail chain that has adopted a new technology to reduce or mitigate the billing queues in the counters. This new technology is known as Pay Wave technology. Customers are provided with a card that prevents them from paying any money to the counters. They can come inside the store, do shopping and can leave. The above report contains three recommendations that will help Oz Supermarket to improve their business processes. The three recommendations are engaging more staffs in the store, improving security in the Pay Wave card and using cheaper cards instead of expensive RFID cards. The report further covers an additional option, which is the home delivery system that will help Oz Supermarket to attain its popularity. Three suggestions that will help to improve the customer services in the store are also mentioned here. The three suggestions are customer feedback, installing accounting software and pr oduct and service reviews. The above mentioned recommendations and suggestions will help Oz Supermarket to achieve their goals and gain more profit. References Ahmad, S. N., Laroche, M. (2015). How do expressed emotions affect the helpfulness of a product review? Evidence from reviews using latent semantic analysis.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,20(1), 76-111. Amendola, S., Lodato, R., Manzari, S., Occhiuzzi, C., Marrocco, G. (2014). RFID technology for IoT-based personal healthcare in smart spaces.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(2), 144-152. Daya, B. (2013). Network security: History, importance, and future.University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Nervo, M. L., Rafele, C. (2012). Using System Dynamics to assess the impact of RFID technology on retail operations.International journal of production economics,135(1), 333-344. Green, F. (2012). Employee involvement, technology and evolution in job skills: A task-based analysis.ILR Review,65(1), 36-67. Hall, J. A. (2012).Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Hong, Y., Chen, P. Y., Hitt, L. M. (2012). Measuring product type with dynamics of online product review variance. Jannach, D., Zanker, M., Fuchs, M. (2014). Leveraging multi-criteria customer feedback for satisfaction analysis and improved recommendations.Information Technology Tourism,14(2), 119-149. Lee, E. J., Shin, S. Y. (2014). When do consumers buy online product reviews? Effects of review quality, product type, and reviewers photo.Computers in Human Behavior,31, 356-366. Lim, F. P. (2013). Impact of information technology on accounting systems.Asia-Pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities and Sociology,3(2), 93-106. Mackiewicz, J., Yeats, D. (2014). Product review users' perceptions of review quality: The role of credibility, informativeness, and readability.IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication,57(4), 309-324. Misra, A. K., Verma, M., Sharma, A. (2014). Capturing the interplay between malware and anti-malware in a computer network.Applied Mathematics and Computation,229, 340-349. Nasr, L., Burton, J., Gruber, T., Kitshoff, J. (2014). Exploring the impact of customer feedback on the well-being of service entities: a TSR perspective.Journal of Service Management,25(4), 531-555. Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S., Chahar, D. (2013). Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). Stallings, W., Tahiliani, M. P. (2014).Cryptography and network security: principles and practice(Vol. 6). London: Pearson. Wang, L., Da Xu, L., Bi, Z., Xu, Y. (2014). Data cleaning for RFID and WSN integration.IEEE transactions on industrial informatics,10(1), 408-418.

Cvs Marketing Development Essay Example

Cvs Marketing Development Essay Porter’s Five Forces ForcesGradeNote Segment Rivalry Strong The current market is divided between a few powerful competitors that can relatively easily attract customers from one another as the switching costs are low and practical absence of product differentiation contributes to the easy loss of market share. Threat of MobilityWeakWhile the new entrants only need a relatively simple GUI and a supplier in order to enter the market, the federal and local regulations will require significant investments prior to any positive cash flow. Again, the differentiation is practically non-existent and the new entrants will have to compete with financially established enterprises capitalizing on competitive advantage. Supplier powerStrongIn order to sustain the market share in this highly competitive industry the pharmacies have to establish and maintain strong working relationships with PBMs that have power to divest particular clients from a pharmacy by denying reimbursement privileges to their customers. Buyer PowerStrongIt is not hard to obtain the same drugs from different sources so the customer loyalty is virtually non-existent and the pharmacies have to try extremely hard to sustain their consumer base. Threats of substitutesWeakThere are very few alternatives to drugs. The alternatives are practically limited to traditional medicine. Therefore, the threat of substitute is weak. Conclusion: CVS is in a favorable position because it already controls the large share of the market and its brand name is known to the populace. We will write a custom essay sample on Cvs Marketing Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cvs Marketing Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cvs Marketing Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, it is crucial for the company to protect its market share and pursue the aggressive expansion policy to secure even large customer base. Financial Analysis CVS was able to secure such a large market share in part because of its strong financial base. Since the pharmaceutical industry is not strongly correlated with the market (average beta is 0. 2) the slowing economy does not affect much CVS financial performance. The firm employs about 190,000 people and boasts the 20 million strong consumer base with projected growth 3. million within the next three years. The firm’s Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E) of about 21 is higher than P/Es of its primary competitors. Hence, CVS reported 21 bps increase and the total gain of $68 million in the last year. At the same time, the forward earning on the CVS stock yielded over 9. 3% allowing the firm easily meets its dividend obligations. The EPS proves that the stock has been performing well at over 30%. The revenue has been growi ng at 15. 7% per year during the last three years compare to 14. % revenue growth within the industry. This stocks forward earnings yield of 7. 41% is the annual return it would generate if its profits remained fixed and it paid out all of its earnings as dividends. This is normal compared with the earnings yields of other stocks in the industry, and is healthy in absolute terms. Finally, most companies in the industry have generated very low returns on assets over the past five years. CVS has posted results that are about average for the industry, though its ROA over the most recent 12 months was very high. Porter’s Generic Strategies Provided the CVS position in the market, it is clearly pursuing the low-cost leadership strategy. The company offers the same goods or, sometimes, a wider product assortment at the lower prices than its competitors. The firm’s prescription drugs’ sales constituted 68% of total sales, 8% ahead of its major competition Walgreen. This number reflects a strong relationship with PBMs that are attracted by the company’s lower prices than in the industry. However, the element of differentiation is also present such as money back guarantee on beauty products, stores conveniently open 24-hours and exceptional customer service. The company capitalizes on its current broad customer base to provide those services and differentiate itself from a tight competition. Also, traditionally, CVS stores were more consumer oriented, e. g. while Walgreen stores had larger area the CVS stores’ layouts were such that the aisles were wider and shelves lower making shopping more convenient. The same approach was taken by CVS to the on-line sales offering the consumers user friendly intuitive format and live customer support 24/7. Market The market is highly regulated and is subject to established relationships between health care providers and PBMs. Currently the pharmaceutical retail market is divided mostly between large chain stores such as CVS, Walgreen, Rite Aid, etc. The market is rather saturated and the competition is strong on the part of the comparable size players as well as online retailers and supermarkets. The industry faces personnel shortages especially in qualified pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. In the past the industry was strictly regionally dominated with Walgreen dominating the West, Rite Aid was strong in the South and Southeast, and CVS spread throughout the Northeast. However, the CVS broke the balance by advancing into the Rite Aid domain in 1997 creating the nation-wide competition between the companies. The ecommerce forced the major retailers to launch internet based services to compete with the new entrants such as WebMD. om and Drugstore. com. The price war in the cyber space resulted in lowering prices at the retail locations as well as shifted paradigm of in-store pharmacy assistance to the full-blown internet-based services. New short-lived phenomena emerged in a form of acquisitions of PBMs by the drug manufacturers in order to manage drug approval process and gain influence in the prescription drugs sales. However, only one merger (Merck-Medco) survived the attempt. Product CVS offers a combination of health care services such as pharmacy and medical equipment together with general merchandise ranging from beauty products to groceries via retail locations and on-line internet portal. The firms also provides consultative services such as medical plan designs, health management programs, and retail-based health clinics that are staffed primarily by nurse practitioners and physicians assistants treating limited number of common ailments and offering routine vaccinations. Price The prices are lower than the major competitor such as Walgreen. The prescription prices are negotiated with PBMs and other insurance companies. The general merchandise is obtained at wholesale prices and the savings are passed onto the consumers aiding to sustain the cost-leadership strategy. Channels of Distribution Online sales via cvs. com and over 4,000 retail locations. The firm offers automatic refills to be mailed to the consumers. The purchase and refills could be done via the telephone or on-line. Promotion CVS was the first pharmacy retailer to offer both: online shopping and traditional store services. CVS maintains extensive database of customers urchases from which it creates weekly individually tailored coupons for consumers. Also, CVS was the first retailer to offer money-back guarantees on beauty products Key Issues As the costs of healthcare increase proportionally to the aging population and slowing economy, the CVS’ main issue is the retention and growth of its market share. Historically, the CVS has been pursuing the Co st Leadership Strategy and only recently, facing the fierce competition from other players in the industry, CVS introduced the elements of differentiation such as MinuteClinic services, 24 hour locations, and 24/7 customer service. The mix of strategies might reduce the firm’s liquidity and stagnate its further expansion necessary to secure its market share. Boston Consulting Group Growth Share Matrix Clearly, CVS belongs to the Cash Cow section of the BCG Matrix. The aging population and health care demands contribute to the industry stable growth in terms of both market and sales. By the 2010, total annual sales should surpass $200 billion, with most of this growth claimed by chain pharmacies. In such a market the large players have slowly emerged and are in the position to protect their consumer base via mergers and acquisitions of the new and independent entrants. Thus CVS’ management team should concentrate on increasing market share and consider further expansion in both retail stores and in the on-line operations. Recommendations Securing market share and further expansion should be CVS first priority. Thus, in addition to maintaining the low cost advantage, the firm should invest into the ecommerce marketing to compete successfully with on-line retailers. These new services should be based on a rigorous research of consumer preferences, economic analysis, monitoring demographics as well as pay steadfast attention on competition that could use cost advantage strategy to attain the CVS market share through a system of discounts and special deals with PBRs. Thus, the firm’s pricing policy should be flexible enough as not to discourage the price-sensitive consumers and yet allow the company to sustain ever increasing product and service development costs. Also, mergers and acquisitions could be used by the company to its advantage. That would be following into footsteps of the CVS recent acquirement of Arbor Drug and Revco and comparable transactions performed by the CVS competitors such as Rite Aid acquiring Marco, Thrifty Payless, and K. The M practices make sense as they reduce competition, increase the customer base, and provide convenient locations for the existing customers. One of the main points in this respect is the necessity to create a unified customer database similar to the one operated by Walgreens that allow customers to access their prescriptions from any CVS store.

The Internal Conflict of Good vs Evil essays

The Internal Conflict of Good vs Evil essays Good day. My name is Matthew Henson. I was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1866. My life was going well until my parents died when I was twelve years old. I went to my parents funeral. Their caskets side by side. Being an only child made it hard. No one to lean on. So I became a sailor. The crew took me in as if I was a part of the family. By the time I was 21, I had traveled the world! It was extremely exciting. I have never seen so many different people and cultures ever. After I traveled the world, I worked in a small shop in Washington D.C. I decided to take a break from the world. While I was working in the shop, a man named Robert Peary came and asked me to go to the North Pole with him. He heard about me and how Ive traveled the world. He said he could use me as an assistant. I was excited about the idea and I asked my boss if I could go. At first he said he needed me at the shop, but I talked him into letting me go. So I shook hands with Robert and we were on our way. On April 9,1909 Robert and I set off on our expedition. It was cold in the Artic. There were even a couple blizzards. Sometimes I never thought I would make it, but we did. It was the most amazing thing placing the American flag on it. I thought I had just landed on the moon. I will never ever forget that day. Back in the U.S.A., I was forgotten for many years. That was until 1954 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded to me a medal for being the first black man on the North Pole. The geography of the land helped me because I was able to use sled dogs and that way I was able to travel far distances and I would never get stuck in a ditch. The geography also helped me because it was challenging to get there and that is how I became famous. If it was easy I wouldnt be famous because no one would care. The advice I would give world leaders today is to do their jobs. Dont act like a fool by fool ...

Obese Chirdren Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obese Chirdren - Essay Example The health care sector and the federal government of America has a challenge to fund initiatives and programs to prevent overweight and obesity. Researches to determine the best preventive measures for childhood obesity explore the environment, food, and behavioral practices in terms of engaging the body physically. However, the theoretical framework tends to limit overweight and obesity to foods alone. Fast foods are always palatable to the mouth and children enjoy partaking them without considerations on the fatty and cholesterol levels in the foods (Freemark, 2010). The theoretical model highlights other causative agents that lead to the prevalence of childhood obesity. The parents should feed their children cholesterol free foods to avoid the risks of contracting obesity. Obesity is a blend of genetic and environmental causes. Poskitt and Edmunds (2008) prove that 70 to 80 percent of obese children have one of his or her parents obese. In addition, a 20 to 40 percent of obese children have both parents obese. Since the parents live together with the children, it is clear that the environment induces obesity (Poskitt & Edmun, 2008). As a leading cause of death, validating the obesity theories through research and studies is critical and essential. Rowe, S. B., Borra, S., & Kelly, L. J. (2003). Obesity as a Public Health Crisis in America. Cereal Foods World, 48(3), 120-122. Retrieved from

Argument Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument Research - Essay Example Researchers have noted that couples in arranged marriages have fewer chances of getting divorced, and with the recent spike in divorce, these arranged marriages could be the solution to preventing divorce. In arranged marriages, couples readily get blessings of the parents and social acceptance from the community, which is essential for support when they have issues. It is normal for a couple in marriage to have issues and challenges, but if these issues are left unresolved, then chances of divorce become high. In arranged marriages, the couple has the support of both parents and the community, and thus, during conflicts, they can seek the support of these people to solve their issues (Beverly 16). Moreover, the parents or aunties are better experienced in marital issues, and thus, they are better equipped in helping the couple to handle marital challenges that they may come across from time to time. In love based marriages, since couples met on their own they tend to solve their problems on their own, and when they fail, they stop communicating, which is the first step towards divorce. A successful marriage is all about understanding and communication, and this is the foundation of a rranged marriages. Although people in arranged marriage marry without being in love first, sociologists have noted that, in countries where people practice arranged marriage the rate of divorce is not as high as in countries where the people chose their own partners and marry (Liu 49). For example, among the Indian community, they highly practice arranged marriage, and as a result, divorce is very rare. This arises for several reasons both negative and positive. First, couples in arranged marriages are bound by religious and cultural obligations, which make it hard to divorce. In some cases, even if the marriage does not work out, staying married is a better

Evaluation Of Service Quality In Hotel Taj Marriot Tourism Essay

Evaluation Of Service Quality In Hotel Taj Marriot Tourism Essay To lead and become the international benchmark in the hospitality industry, not only in India but also in the Key regions of the world and To dazzle and delight our customers with utmost quality, food and beverage experience and exceptional service standards. The Taj Mahal hotel, Mumbai(india ) was opened on December 16,1903 under the taj group by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, the founder of the Tata Group. htis hotel was incorporated with IHCL. Now currently Rs. 678 millions can be operated bythe taj hotels. t his is growing day by day and become th elargest hotel chain in the india. The Taj Mahal Palace Tower is one of the famous five star hotels in india and it is regarded as the most prestigious luxury five star hotel. This hotel is 105 years old hotel having the heritage building under the group of taj hotel resorts and palaces. The hotel taj mahal contains 565 rooms.this hotel was opened in 1903 commisioned in Indo-saracenic style by Tata. the hotel taj made unique history from his service sand and give best service sto their customers and supportive fro every need.it has marvellous artitecure which brings together Moorish , Florentine and oriental styles. It is a gracious landmark of Mumbai as it provides panoramic views of the Arabi an Sea and the Gateway of India. On novemeber 2008 , during the series of terroroist attacks in mumbai , the hotel taj marriot was under attack of the terrorists there is a big damage in the hotel including destruction of roof and about 167 hostages were therehe. After this attack the management of hotel annouced thathe hotel will be repared and the expenditure to repair it will be INR 5 billions and it will take 12 months to repair. In july ,209 , Hilary Clinton visit the Mumbai taj hotel and stayed there as the patway to improvement the hotel taj mahal,in October 12, 2006, the Company approved the Scheme, under Sections 391 to 394 of the Companies and this scheme was approved by the High Courts.   In July 2002, the hotel has won several international awards. The Taj hotel Group also obtained licenses to manage and operate two leisure hotels; the Rawal-Kot, Jaisalmer and Usha Kiran Palace, Gwalior in October 2002. Taj Group access to the midtown and North Mumbai market. The hotel has since been renamed as the Taj Lands End, Mumbai. An din tear 2003 the hotel taj celebrated its centenary of the opening of its flagship hotel. In 2004 it opened its first luxury service apartment Wellington Mews. The Taj Mahal Intercontinental Hotel in Mumbai consist of 582 rooms which are fully air condodtione dwith 49 suits.each room is equipped with data port , speaker phones , with IDD ,fax available , sea cty fcing rooms TV and satellite rooms , 24 service fro laundary service with eminent club rooms. This hotel in the Mumbai provide the top most services in the luxury hotels and majestic accommodation. During the recession period After the terrorist attack in 2008 taj has to face the financial problems and to rasise up from it this affects the occupancy rate of the hotel and to improve the occupancy rate the hotel offered the suite of $6750 per offer to attract te tourist . the torist in hotel taj came from the worldwide.after the attack the hoyel made a a mable memorialin the lobby for 131 guests and staff who died in terrorist attack. Now they have improved their security system by putting xray machines ansd metal detectors on the screen guessts at the entrance of the vechicals. According to business weekly news there is decline of 5.8 %in Mumbai for shares in Indian hotelsltd. Operator of taj brand . Beside of all these taj is one of the original grand hotel in the world. With the passing of time its reputation spread and grew constantly. LITERATURE REVIEW Literature review: Two major reasons exist for reviewing the literature. The first, the preliminary search that helps you to generate and refine your research ideas. The second, often referred to as critical review, is part of research project proper. (Sharp and Howard, 1996) Most research books argue that this critical review of literature is necessary. After through studies of different Export and import books and  literature, I have found that only a small portion is dedicated to the buyers and sellers behavior and most of the focus is given to, how to export and import. No doubt these were not adequate information to compete my research thats why I decided to search more and more information on topic and now hopefully I have gathered adequate information to deal with my Research methodology and to support my arguments. And this information, gathered from journal and articles will focus on the British and Pakistani textiles buyers and sellers perspective. The literature used in this research will also help in analyzing the issues and results critically either by comparing different point of views of different authors or by quoting statements in the favor of results. To gain products knowledge I will use my observations and company documents. Deductive approach: A theory/hypothesis is applied/tested by the collection of data. I shall use the literature to help me to identify theories and ideas that I shall test using data. I shall also develop a theoretical or conceptual framework which I subsequently test using data.   Inductive approach: Theory is developed after the data have been collected. I will be planning to explore my data and to develop theories from them that I shall subsequently relate to the literature. Review purposes: The literature review has a number of purposes. Many of these have been highlighted by Gall et al. (1996). These are To help you to refine further your research question(s) and objectives; To highlight research possibilities that have been overlooked implicitly in research to date; To help you to avoid simply repeating work that has been done already; To sample current opinions in newspapers, professional and trade journals thereby gaining insight into the aspects of your research question(s) and objectives that are considered newsworthy; To discover and provide an insight into research strategies and methodologies that may be appropriate to your own research question(s) and objectives; To discover explicit recommendations for further research. These can provide you with superb justification for your own research question(s) and objectives; Literature sources available: The literature sources available to help researcher to develop a good understanding of and insight into previous research can be divided into three categories: Primary (published and unpublished) Secondary Tertiary Primary literature sources  (also known as grey literature) are the first occurrence of a piece of work. They include published sources such as reports and some central and local government publications such as white papers and planning documents. They also include unpublished manuscripts sources such as letters, memos. There are so many published sources available from where I can get enough information about my research topic. Pakistani government published so much material on the export of Pakistan Textile industry. I read that publications and I got a good idea about the behavior of the Pakistani sellers and also about the buyers of the Pakistani Textile products. I also reviewed the reports, which are published by the British government about the import of the textile products from different countries. This is also helpful for my research topic. Secondary literature sources  such as books and journals are the subsequent publications of primary literature. These publications are aimed at a wider audience. They are easier to locate than primary literature as they are better covered by the tertiary literature. There is book by  Nasim Yousaf  with the title Export Import Apparel and Textiles from Pakistan will be quite helpful for my research. In this book there is so much information about the Pakistani textile industry and there is also some information about the buyers and sellers behavior. There is also enough information about the topic in so many articles and journals, which are written, by the Pakistani authors and British authors. From these articles and journals I got so much information about my topic. This will be helpful for me in the future. Tertiary literature sources  also called search tools, are designed either to help to locate primary and secondary literature or to introduce a topic. They therefore include indexes and abstract as well as encyclopedias and bibliographies. Export Promotion Bureau of Pakistan has a uploaded a website and on that website I found so much relevant material about my research topic. In that website there is so much information about the, share of Pakistani textile products in the international market, the information about the main buyers and sellers of textiles products, about the quality of the Pakistani textile products, in that website they also discussed the buyers expectation from the Pakistani seller. So this website of Export Promotion Bureau Pakistan is also a good source or information for my research topic. http://www.epb.gov.pk/epb/index.jsp Evaluating the literature: For evaluating the literature two questions frequently asked how do I know what I am reading is relevant? and how do I know when I have read enough? both of questions are concerned with the process of evaluation. You should, of course, read all the literature that is closely related to your research question(s) and objectives. The literature that is most likely to cause problems is that which is less related (Gall et al.; 1996). After collecting all the information from all of the sources then I will evaluate my literature that what is much important for my research and which is less important for my research topic. I will evaluate the literature by keeping some important in my mind like how recent the item is, do it have enough references, does the item support my research topic etc. Research Design and Methodology: The research philosophy: The research philosophy refers to the fundamental approach that research should be conducted. There are three views about the research process dominating the literature: positivism, interpretivism, and realism. The mixed approach will be applied in my research work, primarily because the subject matter is largely intangible, open to subjective interpretation and based upon social interaction.  As Saunders et al (2003, p99)  point that: there are two major advantages to applying multi-methods in the same study. First, different methods can be used for different purposes in a study. Secondly, it enables triangulation to take place.   Qualitative Approach: Secondary Research: Published  data that is Books about the export of Pakistan textiles and also about the buyers and sellers behavior of the Pakistan textile. Articles and Journals on Pakistan textile export for UK Chamber of Commerce Documents Internet Websites Past conducted research Print and electronic media Primary Research: Personal experience and observations: As I have worked in this industry thats why I know the trends in textile and the rules against conducting this business. I also have the idea of Britain buyers behaviors and about their needs and expectations. Pure Research: The research conducted for the topic will be pure and it will discuss the core issue for the sake of improving knowledge. It will directly discuss about the buyers and sellers behavior for the Pakistan textile industry in a theoretical way. Inductive Approach: My approach towards data gathering will be inductive, as it is a flexible structure to utilize all the data in your research findings and also based on qualitative data with a slight involvement of quantitative data. JUSTIFICATION HYPOTHESIS METHODOLOGY RESEARCH REPORT 2. SECONDARY RESEARCH PRIMARY RESEARCH QUALITATAIVE QUANTITATIVE SCOPE LIMITATION ETHICS

Curfews Doesn’t Keep Teens Out Of Trouble

?Youth curfews are popular. In poll after poll, Americans support laws that restrict teenagers' activities during certain hours of the day and night. Youth curfews are also logical. If youngsters are getting into trouble, it makes sense to get them off the streets. There's only one problem with youth curfews: They don't work. And we shouldn't kid ourselves that they do. Yet that's what we're doing in Philadelphia, where Mayor Nutter recently extended a 9 p. m. curfew on Friday and Saturday nights for all unaccompanied minors in Center City and University City.The measure came on the heels of this summer's violent flash-mob episodes, which seem to have quieted down since then. But the city already had a youth curfew in place, long before the flash-mob mayhem began. On weekdays, it's 9 p. m. for children under 13 and 10:30 p. m. for children 13 to 17; on the weekends, everyone has to be home by midnight. And that hasn't done anything to stem the tide of youth violence in Philadelphia. Insofar as the downtown curfew has â€Å"worked,† it probably just displaced crime from one part of the city – and one time of the day – to another.That's what happened in Detroit, after it adopted a youth curfew in 1976. Juvenile crime dropped 6 percent during the curfew hours, but it increased 13 percent in the midafternoon. Nationwide, more than 80 percent of juvenile offenses take place between 9 a. m. and 10 p. m. – outside most curfews. Nor do we have any solid evidence that youth curfews lower the overall rate of juvenile crime. In a close study of Monrovia, Calif. , in the 1990s, for example, sociologist Michael Males found that juvenile arrests for non-curfew crimes increased 53 percent during the school months when the town's curfew was enforced.In July and August, when the curfew was not enforced, non-curfew youth crime went down 12 percent. So why are we so wedded to youth curfews? The answer has less to with youth than with adults. Whenever w e get worried that the youth are out of control, we enact a curfew. And that makes us feel better, even if it doesn't make crime go down. Youth curfews date to late 19th century, when America's cities swelled with millions of unsupervised teens. Like laws mandating school attendance and banning child labor, the argument went, curfews would improve individual lives even as they protected the social order.President Benjamin Harrison called curfews â€Å"the most important municipal regulation for the protection of children in American homes from the vices of the street. † By 1900, 3,000 municipalities had curfews in place. The next set of curfews came during Prohibition in the 1920s, when speakeasies and gang violence sparked new anxieties about American youth. Although juvenile crime dropped during the decade, it made for good press – and, in several cities, for new curfews. â€Å"The street corners and vacant lots of the city are the kindergartens of a school of crime ,† opined an editorial writer in Chicago, endorsing the city's 1921 curfew.â€Å"The primary and intermediate classes meet in vicious poolrooms. Cabarets and tough saloons are offering advanced lessons, and post-graduate instruction is available in the jails and penitentiaries. † Then came the juvenile-delinquency scare of the 1950s, which sparked – surprise! – another wave of youth curfews. By 1957, half of American cities with populations of more than 100,000 had juvenile-curfew laws. But the greatest spike in curfews came in the early 1990s, amid a sharp rise in youth crime.Between 1988 and 1992, criminal offenses by juveniles rose 26 percent; even worse, youth crimes against persons – murder, rape, and assault – skyrocketed 56 percent. So curfews boomed, too. From 1990 to 1995, 53 of America's 200 largest cities enacted new curfew ordinances. The effort got a boost from President Bill Clinton, who signed a 1996 measure allotting $75 milli on to help local governments enact curfews and other anti-crime ordinances. â€Å"They help keep our children out of harm's way,† Clinton declared. In fact, they don't.To his credit, Mayor Nutter has instituted other measures to fight juvenile crime, including expanding the hours that recreation centers stay open. And he has skillfully used his bully pulpit, taking to the streets and airwaves to encourage parents to keep a closer watch on their children. More power to him, but not to the curfews. They might be good politics, but they're bad policy. Let's hope the mayor can tell the difference. It dosent matter what time off day it is, a teen will still be mischieve and do crimes.Don't you think that a parent should be more at fault for the teens crimes? Or is a curfew reall going to stop anybody. Curfew or No Curfew , Kids Are Going To Do What They Want To Do. Telling Them What TIme They Have To Be In The House Is Only Going To Make Them Want To Stay Out Later. The whole curf ew thing could go both ways because you have some kids that don't care what time it is, they will come in when ever they want. Or what about the kids who parents give then a one o clock curfew. If they're parents are okay with it then what more can you about it. I don't think curfews keep people out of trouble.People will do  what they wand and when they want to. Curfews don't stop people. Bad things can happen during the day even. So curfews don't effect anybody. I think that curfew somewhat helps the teens stay out of trouble but teens are always out on the streets doing whatever they want. Any time of the day a teen can cause harm but curfews just tries to decrease the harms teenagers can do at night. Either way they'll still do harm. A teen will be a teen. It doesn't matter what time of day it is. A curfew may make things worse. â€Å"Rules are made to be broken.†Inforcing curfew may cause a riot like Projext X and be a TERRIBLE outcome. I think that it doesnt matter wh at time it is or if you have a Curfew or not , If I have to be in at a certain time, I most likely wont come in at that time just because I may not want to . Teens are going to do what they want to do and giving them a curfew isnt going to change anything , It depends on the way the Parent approaches the situation . Purpose A curfew is designed to ensure your teen is at home safely for the evening. This includes helping prevent teen delinquency and keeping teens out of trouble.Curfews are also meant to cut down on dangerous activities such as drinking and driving. Many parents also enforce a curfew to help their teen get enough sleep. Ultimately, curfews can also give your teen independence while still setting reasonableAppropriate Curfews Sit down and discuss an appropriate curfew with your teen. If she has a role in setting her curfew, she is more likely to stick to it. Younger teens from 12 to 13 years old should be home between 7 and 8 p. m. on school nights, according to the Am erican Academy of Pediatrics.A curfew of 8 or 9 p. m.is appropriate for teens between the ages of 14 and 16. Teens who can drive should be home between 10 and 11 p. m. on school nights. On weekends, it's appropriate to allow your teen to stay out 2 hours later than their weekday curfew, the AAP suggests. boundaries. Curfew and bedtime are two of the more negotiable household rules. During adolescence, when boys and girls are getting their first taste of independence, they probably spend the equivalent of a law-school education making their case to Mom and Dad for just a little extra time to stay out or to stay up.What is not negotiable are the consequences for disobeying curfew, except in the event of unforeseen circumstances. So that the punishment conforms to the crime, deduct time from future curfews, depending on the severity of the infraction. If your youngster straggles in an hour late, perhaps the next time he goes out with his friends, he has to come home an hour earlier tha n usual. Two hours past curfew buys a teenager a Friday or Saturday night confined to home. Long-term punishments, such as grounding the offender for one month, amount to overkill and will very likely do more harm than good.Q: When setting a curfew, how do I know what’s reasonable and what’s not? All of my son’s friends have to be home at different times, so it’s hard to base my decision on what other parents do. A: You can start by consulting the following table, which gives parents general guidelines appropriate for each stage of adolescent development. Let’s use as an example a fourteen-year-old boy. If he has school or other early morning commitments the next day, he really should be home no later than nine o’clock at night; if it’s a vacation day coming up, between 10 P.M. and 11 P. M. is reasonable. That’s your starting point. Now factor in the following: 1. How mature and responsible is he overall? If you feel confident that he knows how to watch out for his own safety and you trust he is where he tells you he will be, perhaps you extend the curfew. Some kids may not need a curfew beyond a community or state law regulating when adolescents must be off the road. 2. Does he usually comply with curfew? Again, his past behavior will influence how lenient or strict you are. 3. What activity is he engaged in?If he is shooting hoops in the park, he should be home by sundown, but if he’s studying with a friend, he can stay out later. 4. If he’s attending a baseball game, concert, school function or other event, what time does it let out and how long will it take him to get home? This will help determine whether or not you allow him some extra time to perhaps get a bite to eat before heading home. 5. How much sleep does he usually need? The average adolescent requires about nine hours of shut-eye a night, some more, some less.If your youn Do Curfew Keep Teens Out of Trouble† StudyMode. c om. 02 2013. 2013. 02 2013 . gster is drowsy in the morning, you’ll want to move up his bedtime, and with it, his curfew. 6. Even with a curfew teens will do what they want to do. If that means sneaking out, lying or skipping school or etc. sneaking out gives a teen a thrill and like they are invincible. That just makes them more likely to do much more dangerous stuff. Also, having a curfew just adds stress on a teen, because they will freak out about running late and traffic causing them to be late.If anyone says that kids will be too scared to sneak out, well wouldn't they be to break an actual law? Does curfew really keep teens out of trouble? Curfews give teens the chance to change and it works because they have less time out to cause the trouble and get Pregnant do vandalism, go stealing take drugs, smoke Cigarettes, and have under age sex get involved with the police and Intimidating Behavior. That’s the reason many people believe curfews are a good idea however giving your child a curfew is not going to stop them from doing all this stuff.They may not do it during the night or during their curfew but they may be doing it at day time or even skip school and go get in trouble. Having a curfew does not decrease crimes. Numerous articles by credible sources such as the (National Center for Policy Analysis, the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, and the US Department of Justice) all unanimously agree that curfew, in fact, does NOT lower young crime rates of any kind. Also, I found that the amount of arrests in young for breaking curfew greatly outnumbers the amount of arrests for any other crime in young.All of this goes to show that curfews in fact have no effect, and that teaching young teens to have morals and know what is right and what is wrong is greatly more effective than curfews. I've had my share of sneaking out, and staying out WAY past the time my parents set before me. It's only because if you say I can't do something, I want to prove everyone wrong and say that I can do that, and you can't do anything to stop me. Curfew is just a fence that can be climbed†¦ [continues]

Slack Bus And Slack Generator Engineering Essay

The Table below shows input informations of each busbar in the system used to work out the power flow and the simulation consequence harmonizing to direction described in inquiry 1.BusInput Data[ Simulation Result ] BUS 1 plutonium P ( burden ) 100 MW Q ( burden ) 0 Mvar BUS 2 P ( burden ) 200 MW Q ( burden ) 100 Mvar CB of Generation Open BUS 3 1 plutonium P ( Gen ) 200 MW P ( burden ) 100 MW Q ( burden ) 50 Mvar AVR On AGC OffSlack coach and slack generatorIn power flow computation, alone numerical solution can non be calculated without mention electromotive force magnitude and angle due to unequal figure of unknown variables and independent equations. The slack coach is the mention coach where its electromotive force is considered to be fixed voltage magnitude and angle ( 1a? 0A ° ) , so that the assorted electromotive force angle difference among the coachs can be calculated regard. In add-on, the slack generator supplies as much existent power and reactive power as needed for equilibrating the power flow sing power coevals, load demand and losingss in the system while maintain the electromotive force changeless as 1a? 0A ° . In existent power system, when comparatively weak system is linked to the larger system via a individual coach, this coach can stand for the big system with an tantamount generator maintaining the electromotive force changeless and bring forthing any necessary power like sla ck coach. [ 1 ]Bus type ( PQ coach or PV coach )BusBus typeRemarksBUS 2 PQ Bus Generator is disconnected to Bus 2 BUS 3 PV Bus Generator is connected to Bus 3 and the magnitude of electromotive force of generator support invariable by utilizing AVR In general, each coach in the power system can be categorized into three coach types such as Slack Bus, Load ( PQ ) Bus, and Voltage Controlled ( PV ) Bus. The definition and difference between PQ Bus and PV Bus are described as follows ; [ 2 ] PV Bus ( Generator Bus or Voltage Controlled Bus ) : It is a coach at which the magnitude of the coach electromotive force is kept changeless by the generator. Even though the coach has several generators and burden, if any generators connected to the coach modulate the coach electromotive force with AVR, so this coach is referred to PV Bus. For PV coach, the magnitude of the coach electromotive force and existent power supplied to the system are specified, and reactive power and angle of the coach electromotive force are consequently determined. If a preset upper limit and minimal reactive power bound is reached, the reactive end product of the generator remains at the limited values, so the coach can be considered as PQ Bus alternatively of PV Bus. [ 2 ] PQ Bus ( Load Bus ) : It is a coach at which the electromotive force is changed depending on entire net existent power and reactive power of tonss and generators without electromotive force regulator. Therefore, in the power simulation and computation, the existent power and reactive power of the tonss are specified as input informations and consequently the electromotive force ( magnitude and angle ) is calculated based on the above input. The following table specifies input and end product of each coach type in the power system simulation and computation. Bus Type Phosphorus Q ( Magnitude ) I? ( Angle ) PQ Bus Input signal Input signal End product End product PV Bus Input signal End product Input signal End product Slack Bus End product End product Input signal Input signalSystem BalanceEntire Generation & A ; Load DemandBusReal Power ( MW )Fanciful Power ( Mvar )CoevalsLoadCoevalsLoadBUS 1 204.093 100 56.240 0 BUS 2 0 200 0 100 BUS 3 200 100 107.404 50 Entire 404.093 400 163.644 150DifferencePgen – Pdemand = 4.093Qgen – Qstored in burden = 13.644Reason: Real power loss due to opposition of transmittal line and fanciful power storage due to reactance of transmittal line are the grounds for the difference between power coevals and load demand in the system.P ( Losses ) & A ; Q ( Storage ) over the transmittal lineBusReal Power ( MW )Fanciful Power ( Mvar )SendingReceivingLosingssSendingReceivingStoredBUS 1 – Bus 2 102.714 100.650 2.064 56.653 49.773 6.88 BUS 1 – Bus 3 1.379 1.378 0.001 0.4141 ) 0.4131 ) 0.001 BUS 3 – Bus 2 101.378 99.350 2.028 56.990 50.227 6.763 Entire Palestine liberation organizations =4.093Qstored in burden =13.6441 ) Imaginary power flows from Bus 3 to Bus 1. The summing up of existent power losingss and fanciful power storage over the transmittal line are precisely same with entire difference between coevals and burden. Therefore, it is verified that the difference is shown over the transmittal line. ‘Kirchoff ‘ balance as each coach [ 4 ] Bus1 I? P1 = + Pgen1 – Pload1 – P12 – P13 = 204.093 – 100 – 102.714 – 1.379 = 0 I? Q1 = + Qgen1 – Qload1 – Q12 – Q13 = 56.24 – 0 – 56.653 + 0.413 = 0 Bus2 I? P2 = + Pgen2 – Pload2 – P21 – P23 = 0 – 200 + 100.65 + 99.35 = 0 I? Q2 = + Qgen2 – Qload2 – Q21 – Q23 = 0 – 100 + 49.773 + 50.227 = 0 BUS3 I? P3 = + Pgen3 – Pload3 – P31 – P32 = 200 – 100 + 1.378 – 101.378 = 0 I? Q3 = + Qgen3 – Qload3 – Q31 – Q32 = 107.404 – 50 – 0.414 – 56.99 = 0 Harmonizing to the computation supra, as summing up of incoming & A ; surpassing existent power and fanciful power at each coach become zero, it is verified that each busbar obeys a ‘Kirchoff ‘ balance. In add-on, the entire power system is wholly balanced, because entire coevals power ( existent & A ; fanciful ) are equal to summing up of entire load demand and existent power loss & A ; stored fanciful power over the transmittal ( i.e. Pgen – Pdemand = Plosses, Qgen – Qstored in burden = Q stored in system ) as shown above.Voltage Angle and Angle DifferenceAs a consequence of the Powerworld, the electromotive force angle and angle difference are shown in the tabular array below.BusVoltage AngleVoltage Angle DifferenceBUS1 I?1 = 0.00A ° BUS1- BUS2 I?1 – I?2 = 0.00A ° – ( -2.5662A ° ) = 2.5662A ° BUS2 I?2 = -2.5662A ° BUS2- BUS3 I?2 – I?3 = -2.5662A ° – ( -0.043A ° ) = -2.5232A ° BUS3 I?3 = -0.043A ° BUS3- BUS1 I?3 – I?1 = -0.043A ° – 0.00A ° = -0.043A °Power System Analysis -1The tabular array below summarizes coevals and electromotive force angle fluctuation at each coach as coevals at Bus 3 varies from 0 MW to 450 MW by 50MW.Simulation Consequences and ObservationP3 = 0 MW P3 = 50 MW P3 = 100 MW P3 = 150 MW P3 = 250 MW P3 = 300 MW P3 = 350 MW P3 = 400 MW P3 = 450 MW Reactive Power Generation at Bus 3: It is found that reactive power coevals Q3 ( gen ) lessening while existent power coevals P3 ( gen ) addition because Bus 3 as a PV Bus regulates the changeless coach electromotive force magnitude by commanding excitement of the coevals through the AVR. Power Generation at Bus 1: It is found that P1 ( gen ) decreases and Q1 ( gen ) increases at the same time, while P3 ( gen ) additions and Q3 ( gen ) lessening. As the entire load demand in the system keeps changeless ( i.e. Ptotal ( burden ) = 400 MW, Qtotal ( burden ) = 150Mvar ) , any necessary existent power and reactive power for the system balance demand to be supplied by generator ( loose generator ) at Bus 1. Therefore, power coevals P1 ( gen ) and Q1 ( gen ) at Bus 1 alteration reversely compared to power coevals alteration at Bus 3. Voltage Angle Difference: In general, existent power flow is influenced by electromotive force angle difference between directing coach and having coach harmonizing to PR = . Therefore, it is observed that every bit existent power coevals P3 ( gen ) increases existent power flow from Bus 3 to Bus2 addition, consequently voltage angle difference ( I?3 – I?2 ) between Bus 3 and Bus 2 additions. However, lessening in existent power from Bus 1 to Bus 2 due to increase of P3 ( gen ) consequence in lessening of electromotive force angle difference ( I?1 – I?2 ) . In add-on, Real power between Bus 1 and Bus 3 flows from Bus 1 to Bus 3 until P3 ( gen ) range to 200 MW and as P3 ( gen ) addition more than 200 MW the existent power flows from Bus 3 to Bus 1. So, it is besides observed that electromotive force angle difference ( I?3 – I?1 ) is negative angle when P3 ( gen ) is less than 200MW and the difference addition while P3 ( gen ) addition.Power System Analysis -2The tabular array below summarizes the fluctuation of power coevals and electromotive force angle difference at each coach when the burden demand at Bus 3 varies by 50MW and 25Mvar.Simulation Consequences and ObservationP2 = 0 MW Q2 = 0 MW P2 = 50 MW Q2 = 25 MW P2 = 100 MW Q2 = 50 MW P2 = 150 MW Q2 = 75 MW P2 = 250 MW Q2 = 125 MW P2 = 300 MW Q2 = 150 MW P2 = 350 MW Q2 = 175 MW P2 = 400 MW Q2 = 200 MW P2 = 450 MW Q2 = 225 MW Power Generation at Bus 1 and Bus 3: It is observed that as the entire load demand in the system increases due to increase of load demand P2 ( burden ) & A ; Q2 ( burden ) at Bus 2, any necessary existent power for the system balance is supplied by generator ( loose generator ) at Bus 1 sing changeless P3 ( gen ) , so P1 ( gen ) increases. In add-on, any necessary reactive power for the system balance is supplied from Bus 1 every bit good as Bus 3, so both Q1 ( gen ) and Q3 ( gen ) addition. Voltage Angle Difference: It is found that existent power flow addition both from Bus 1 to Bus 2 and from Bus 3 to Bus 2 due to increase of load demand at Bus2. Consequently, both electromotive force angle difference I?1 – I?2 and I?3 – I?2 addition when the power flow P12 and P32 addition. In add-on, when P2 ( burden ) is less than 200 MW, P1gen is comparatively low. Therefore existent power between Bus 3 and Bus 1 flows from Bus 3 to Bus 1 at lower P2 ( burden ) ( less than 200MW ) . On the other manus, while P2 ( burden ) addition more than 200 MW, the existent power flow way alterations ( Bus 1 to Bus 3 ) and the existent power flow additions. Consequently, the electromotive force angle difference I?1 – I?3 alteration from negative to positive and addition. Voltage Magnitude at Bus 2: It is observed that magnitude of coach electromotive force at Bus2 beads due to increase of the load demand at Bus 2.Question 2System Model & A ; Admittance MatrixIn order to build the entree matrix of Powerworld B3 instance, individual stage tantamount circuit can be drawn as below ;omega = R + jx ( r = 0, x = 0.05 )z12 = z21= j0.05 plutonium, y12 = 1/ z12 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 plutonium = y12 z13 = z31= j0.05 plutonium, y13 = 1/ z13 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 plutonium = y31 z23 = z32= j0.05 plutonium, y23 = 1/ z23 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 plutonium = y32 Admittance matrix can be defined as follows ; BUS = Diagonal elements Y ( I, I ) of the entree matrix, called as the self-admittance [ talk slide ] [ 6 ] , are the summing up of all entree connected with BUS I. = y12 + y13 = -j20 – j20 = -j40 plutonium = y21 + y23 = -j20 – j20 = -j40 plutonium = y31 + y32 = -j20 – j20 = -j40 plutonium Off diagonal elements Y ( I, J ) of the entree matrix, called as the common entree [ talk slide ] [ 6 ] , are negative entree between BUS I and BUS J. = – y12 = – ( -j20 ) = j20 plutonium = – y13 = – ( -j20 ) = j20 plutonium = – y21 = – ( -j20 ) = j20 plutonium = – y23 = – ( -j20 ) = j20 plutonium = – y31 = – ( -j20 ) = j20 plutonium = – y32 = – ( -j20 ) = j20 plutonium Therefore, the concluding entree matrix BUS is ; BUS = = The undermentioned figure shows the BUS of the Powerworld B3 instance and it is verified that the deliberate entree matrix is consistent with the consequence of the Powerworld.Power Flow CalculationNodal equation with the entree matrix can be used to cipher electromotive force at each coach if we know all the current ( i.e. entire coevals power and load demand at each BUS ) and eventually the power flow can be calculated consequently. , hence, In this inquiry, nevertheless, simulation consequences of the electromotive force at each coach from the Powerworld are used for the power flow computation as follows ; [ Simulation consequence ]Voltage at each Bus and Voltage DifferenceV1 = 1 a? 0.00A ° plutonium ( BUS1 ) V2 = 1 a? -0.48A ° plutonium ( BUS2 ) V3 = 1 a? 0.48A ° plutonium ( BUS 3 )Voltage difference between BUS 1 and BUS 2V12 = V1 – V2 = 1 a? 0.00A ° – 1 a? -0.48A ° = 3.5 x 10-5 + J 8.38 ten 10-3 = 8.38 ten 10-3 a? 89.76A ° plutonium V21 = V2 – V1 = – V12 = – 3.5 ten 10-5 – J 8.38 ten 10-3 = 8.38 ten 10-3 a? -90.24A ° plutoniumVoltage difference between BUS 3 and BUS 2V32 = V3 – V2 = 1 a? 0.48A ° – 1 a? -0.48A ° = J 16.76 ten 10-3 = 16.76 ten 10-3 a? 90A ° plutonium V23 = V2 – V3 = – V32 = – J 16.76 ten 10-3 = -16,76 x 10-3 a? -90A ° plutoniumVoltage difference between BUS 3 and BUS 1V31 = V3 – V1 = 1 a? 0.48A ° – 1 a? 0.00A ° = – 3.5 ten 10-5 + J 8.38 ten 10-3 = 8.38 ten 10-3 a? 90.24A ° plutonium V13 = V1 – V3 = – V31 = 3.5 ten 10-5 – J 8.38 ten 10-3 = 8.38 ten 10-3 a? -89.76A ° plutoniumLine CurrentCurrent flow from BUS I and BUS J can be calculated by utilizing electromotive force difference and interrelated entree of the line between coachs. [ Iij = yij * ( Vi – Vj ) ]Line current between BUS 1 and BUS 2I12 = y12 x ( V1 – V2 ) = -j20 x 8.38 ten 10-3 a? 89.76A ° = 167.6 ten 10-3 a? -0.24A ° plutonium ( BUS 1 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 2 ) I21 = y21 x ( V2 – V1 ) = -j20 x 8.38 ten 10-3 a? -90.24A ° = 167.6 ten 10-3 a? -180.24A ° plutonium ( BUS 2 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 1 )Line current between BUS 3 and BUS 2I32 = y32 x ( V3 – V2 ) = -j20 x 16.76 ten 10-3 a? 90A ° = 335.2 ten 10-3 a? 0.00A ° plutonium ( BUS 3 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 2 ) I23 = y23 x ( V2 – V3 ) = -j20 x 16.76 ten 10-3 a? -90A ° = 335.2 ten 10-3 a? 180A ° plutonium ( BUS 2 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 3 )Line current between BUS 3 and BUS 1I31 = y31 x ( V3 – V1 ) = -j20 x 8.38 ten 10-3 a? 90.24A ° = 167.6 ten 10-3 a? 0.24A ° plutonium ( BUS 3 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 1 ) I13 = y13 x ( V1 – V3 ) = -j20 x 8.38 ten 10-3 a? -89.76A ° = 167.6 ten 10-3 a? -179.76A ° plutonium ( BUS 1 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 3 )Apparent Power FlowApparent flow from BUS I and BUS J can be calculated by electromotive force at the directing coach and line current. [ Sij = Vi * I*ij ]Apparent Power from BUS 1 to BUS 2S12 = V1* I*12 = 1 a? 0.00A ° ten 167.6 ten 10-3 a? 0.24A ° = 167.6 ten 10-3 a? 0.24A ° = 0.1676 + J 7.02 ten 10-4 plutoniumApparent Power from BUS 2 to BUS 1S21=V2* I*21=1a? -0.48A ° x 167.6 ten 10-3a? 180.24A °=167.6 ten 10-3a? 179.76A ° = -0.1676 + j7.02 x 10-4 plutoniumApparent Power from BUS 3 to BUS 2S32 = V3* I*32 = 1 a? 0.48A ° ten 335.2 ten 10-3 a? 0.00A ° = 335.2 ten 10-3 a? 0.48A ° = 0.3352 + J 2.81 ten 10-3 plutoniumApparent Power from BUS 2 to BUS 3S23=V2* I*23=1 a? -0.48A ° x 335.2 ten 10-3 a? 180A °= 335.2 ten 10-3 a? 179.76A ° = -0.3352 + J 2.81 ten 10-3 plutoniumApparent Power from BUS 3 to BUS 1S31 = V3* I*31 = 1a? 0.48A ° ten 167.6 ten 10-3a? -0.24A ° = 167.6 x 10-3 a? 0.24A ° = 0.1676 + J 7.02 ten 10-4 plutoniumApparent Power from BUS 1 to BUS 3S13=V1* I*13=1a? 0.00A ° x 167.6 ten 10-3a? 179.76A °= 167.6 ten 10-3a? 179.76A ° = -0.1676 + J 7.02 ten 10-4 plutoniumComparison with simulation consequencesThe unit of the above computation consequences is pu value, so in order to compare the consequences with simulation consequences pu value of current and power flow demand to be converted to existent values by utilizing the undermentioned equation sing Sbase = 100MVA and Vline_base = 345kV. [ 3 ] Sactual = Sbase A- Spu = 100 MVA A- Spu Iactual = Ibase A- Ipu = A- Ipu = A- Ipu = 167.3479 A A- IpuCalculation Result and Simulation ResultFlow way & A ; ValueCalculation ConsequenceSimulation ConsequenceBUS 1 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 2|S12| 0.1676 A- 100 = 16.76 MVA 16.67 MVA P12 16.76 MW 16.67 MW Q12 0.0702 Mvar 0.07 Mvar |I12| 0.1676 A- 167.3479 = 28.0475 A 27.89 ABUS 3 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 2|S32| 0.3352 A- 100 = 33.52 MVA 33.33 MVA P32 33.52 MW 33.33 MW Q32 0.281 Mvar 0.28 Mvar |I32| 0.3352 A- 167.3479 = 56.0950 A 55.78 ABUS 3 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 1|S31| 0.1676 A- 100 = 16.76 MVA 16.67 MVA P31 16.76 MW 16.67 MW Q31 0.0702 Mvar 0.07 Mvar |I31| 0.1676 A- 167.3479 = 28.0475 A 27.89 ABUS 2 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 1|S21| 0.1676 A- 100 = 16.76 MVA 16.67 MVA P21 -16.76 MW -16.67 MW Q21 0.0702 Mvar 0.07 Mvar |I21| 0.1676 A- 167.3479 = 28.0475 A 27.89 ABUS 2 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 3|S23| 0.3352 A- 100 = 33.52 MVA 33.33 MVA P23 -33.52 MW -33.33 MW Q23 0.281 Mvar 0.28 Mvar |I23| 0.3352 A- 167.3479 = 56.0950 A 55.78 ABUS 1 a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ BUS 3|S13| 0.1676 A- 100 = 16.76 MVA 16.67 MVA P13 -16.76 MW -16.67 MW Q13 0.0702 Mvar 0.07 Mvar |I13| 0.1676 A- 167.3479 = 28.0475 A 27.89 A It is found that computation consequences of current flow and evident power flows ( i.e. 28.0475 A and 56.0950 A/ 33.52 MVA and 16.76MVA ) are about 0.5 % higher than simulation consequence ( i.e. 27.89 A and 55.78 A / 33.33 MVA and 16.67 MVA ) which can be considered somewhat different. Difference of the electromotive force angle at each coach between computation ( 0.48A ° ) and simulation ( 0.4775A ° ) could be the ground for this minor difference.Question 3Admittance Matrix and Nodal EquationEntree between two coachsy12 = y21 = -j8 plutonium y13 = y31 = -j4 plutonium y14 = y41 = -j2.5 plutonium y23 = y32 = -j4 plutonium y24 = y42 = -j5 plutonium y30 = -j0.8 plutonium ( BUS3-Neutral BUS ) y40 = -j0.8 plutonium ( BUS4-Neutral BUS )Admittance MatrixYbus ( Admittance Matrix ) = Diagonal elements Y ( I, I ) of the entree matrix, called as the self-admittance [ 2 ] [ 4 ] , are the summing up of all entree connected with BUS I. = y12 + y13 + y14 = -j8 -j4 – j2.5 = -j14.5 = y21 + y23 + y24 = -j8 -j4 – j5 = -j17 = y30 + y31 + y32 = -j08 -j4 – j4 = -j8.8 = y40 + y41 + y42 = -j0.8 -j2.5 – j5 = -j8.3 Off diagonal elements Y ( I, J ) of the entree matrix, called as the common entree [ 2 ] [ 4 ] , are negative entree between BUS I and BUS J. = – y12 = – ( -j8 ) = j8 plutonium = – y13 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y14 = – ( -j2.5 ) = j2.5 plutonium = – y21 = – ( -j8 ) = j8 plutonium = – y23 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y24 = – ( -j5 ) = j5 plutonium = – y31 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y32 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y34 = 0 plutonium = – y41 = – ( -j2.5 ) = j2.5 plutonium = – y42 = – ( -j5 ) = j5 plutonium = – y43 = 0 plutonium Therefore, entree matrix Ybus is as follows ;Ybus = =Power Flow AnalysisPower flow disregarding transmittal line electrical capacityNodal EquationCurrent from the impersonal coach to each coach are given and entree matrix ( Ybus ) is calculated above. Therefore, concluding nodal equation is as follows ; Ibus = Ybus * Vbus a†¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Vbus = Y-1bus * Ibus = Ybus a†¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ==Voltage AnalysisVoltage at each coach can be derived from the equation ( Vbus = Y-1bus * Ibus ) and Matlab was used for calculate matrix division. ( Source codification is attached in Appendix-1 ) Vbus == V12 = 0.0034 + J 0.0031 plutonium V13 = -0.0277 – J 0.0257 plutonium V14 = 0.0336 + J 0.0311 plutonium V21 = -0.0034 – J 0.0031 plutonium V23 = -0.0311 – J 0.0288 plutonium V24 = 0.0302 + J 0.0280 plutonium V31 = 0.0277 + J 0.0257 plutonium V32 = 0.0311 + J 0.0288 plutonium V41 = -0.0336 – J 0.0311 plutonium V42 = -0.0302 – J 0.0280 plutoniumCurrent flow in the systemCurrent flow from BUS I and BUS J can be calculated by utilizing electromotive force difference and interrelated entree of the line between coachs. [ Iij = yij * ( Vi – Vj ) ] The computation consequence from Matlab is as follows ; I12 = 0.0249 – J 0.0269 plutonium I13 = -0.1026 + J 0.1108 plutonium I14 = 0.0777 – J 0.0840 plutonium I21 = -0.0249 + J 0.0269 plutonium I23 = -0.1151 + J 0.1243 plutonium I24 = 0.1399 – J 0.1511 I31 = 0.1026 – J 0.1108 plutonium I32 = 0.1151 – J 0.1243 plutonium I34 = 0 plutonium I41 = -0.0777 + J 0.0840 plutonium I42 = -0.1399 + J 0.1511 plutonium I43 = 0 plutoniumPower flow in the systemApparent flow from BUS I and BUS J can be calculated by electromotive force at the directing coach and line current. [ Sij ( plutonium ) = Vi * I*ij = Pij + jQij ] The computation consequence from Matlab is as follows ; S12 = 0.0311 + J 0.0175 plutonium S13 = -0.1283 – J 0.0723 plutonium S14 = 0.0972 + J 0.0548 plutonium S21 = -0.0311 – J 0.0174 plutonium S23 = -0.1438 – J 0.0803 plutonium S24 = 0.1749 + J 0.0977 plutonium S31 = 0.1283 + J 0.0780 plutonium S32 = 0.1438 + J 0.0875 plutonium S34 = 0 plutonium S41 = -0.0972 – J 0.0496 plutonium S42 = -0.1749 – J 0.0892 plutonium S44 = 0 plutoniumAdmittance Matrix sing transmittal line electrical capacityHarmonizing to the direction of the Question 3, power system theoretical account can be drawn by utilizing Iˆ tantamount circuit of the lines with capacitive shunt entree ( yc ) of 0.1 plutonium at each side as shown below.Admittance MatrixContrary to tantamount theoretical account in Question 3-1, the current flow through the capacitance in the transmittal line needs to be considered to happen the entree matrix. Therefore, sing the capacitances the current equation with Kirchhoff ‘s current jurisprudence at each coach is as follows ; [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Bus 1: I1 = I12 + I13 + I14 + Ic12 + Ic13 + Ic14 I1 = y12 ( V1-V2 ) + y13 ( V1-V3 ) + y14 ( V1-V4 ) + yc12V1 + yc13V1 + yc14V1 Bus 2: I2 = I21 + I23 + I24 + Ic21 + Ic23 + Ic24 I2 = y21 ( V2-V1 ) + y23 ( V2-V3 ) + y24 ( V2-V4 ) + yc21V2 + yc23V2 + yc24V2 Bus 3: I3 = I30 + I31 + I32 + Ic31 + Ic32 I3 = y30V3 + y31 ( V3-V1 ) + y32 ( V3-V2 ) + yc31V3 + yc32V3 Bus 4: I4 = I40 + I41 + I42 + Ic41 + Ic42 I4 = y40V4 + y41 ( V4-V1 ) + y42 ( V4-V2 ) + yc41V4 + yc42V4 Equation above can be rearranged to divide and group single merchandises by electromotive force. Bus 1: I1 = ( y12 + y13 + y14 + yc12 + yc13+ yc14 ) V1 – y12V2 – y13V3 – y14V4 = Y11V1 + Y12V2 + Y13V3 + Y14V4 Bus 2: I2 = ( y21 + y23 + y24 + yc21 + yc23+ yc24 ) V2- y21V1 – y23V3 – y24V4 = Y21V1 + Y22V2 + Y23V3 + Y24V4 Bus 3: I3 = ( y30 + y31 + y32 + yc31+ yc32 ) V3 – y31V1 – y32V2 = Y31V1 + Y32V2 + Y33V3 + Y34V4 Bus 4: I4 = ( y40 + y41 + y42 + yc41+ yc42 ) V4 – y41V1 – y42V2 = Y41V1 + Y42V2 + Y43V3 + Y44V4 Finally, Diagonal elements Y ( I, I ) and off diagonal elements Y ( I, J ) of the entree matrix are calculated as follows ; = y12 + y13 + y14 + yc12 + yc13+ yc14 = -j8 -j4 – j2.5 + j0.1 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j14.2 plutonium = y21 + y23 + y24 + yc21 + yc23+ yc24 = -j8 -j4 – j5 + j0.1 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j16.7 plutonium = y30 + y31 + y32 + yc31+ yc32 = -j08 -j4 – j4 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j8.6 plutonium = y40 + y41 + y42 + yc41+ yc42 = -j0.8 -j2.5 – j5 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j8.1 plutonium = – y12 = – ( -j8 ) = j8 plutonium = – y13 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y14 = – ( -j2.5 ) = j2.5 plutonium = – y21 = – ( -j8 ) = j8 plutonium = – y23 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y24 = – ( -j5 ) = j5 plutonium = – y31 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y32 = – ( -j4 ) = j4 plutonium = – y34 = 0 plutonium = – y41 = – ( -j2.5 ) = j2.5 plutonium = – y42 = – ( -j5 ) = j5 plutonium = – y43 = 0 plutonium Therefore, entree matrix Ybus is as follows ;Ybus = =Annex-1: Matlab beginning codification and Calculation consequences with MatlabMatlab Source Code% define ego entree and common entree by utilizing admittace between % the coachs ( y12=y21=-j8, y13=y31=-j4, y14=y41=-j2.5, y23=y32=-j4, % y24=y42=-j5, y34=0, y43=0, y30=-j0.8, y40=-j0.8 y12=-8i ; y21=-8i ; y13=-4i ; y31=-4i ; y14=-2.5i ; y41=-2.5i ; y23=-4i ; y32=-4i ; y24=-5i ; y42=-5i ; y34=0 ; y43=0 ; y30=-0.8i ; y40=-0.8i ; Y11=-8i-4i-2.5i ; Y12=8i ; Y13=4i ; Y14=2.5i ; Y21=8i ; Y22=-8i-4i-5i ; Y23=4i ; Y24=5i ; Y31=4i ; Y32=4i ; Y33=-0.8i-4i-4i ; Y34=0 ; Y41=2.5i ; Y42=5i ; Y43=0 ; Y44=-5i-2.5i-0.8i ; % Bus 3 and Bus 4 is non connected, so admittance Y34 and Y43 are equal to zero % define the 4Ãâ€"4 entree matrix ( Ybus ) Ybus= [ Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 ; Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24 ; Y31 Y32 Y33 Y34 ; Y41 Y42 Y43 Y44 ] ; % In order to specify the nodal equation ( I = Ybus*V ) , the given I needs to specify. i1=0 ; i2=0 ; i3=-i ; i4=-0.4808-0.4808i ; Ibus= [ i1 ; i2 ; i3 ; i4 ] ; % Each coach electromotive force can be calculated by utilizing matrix division ( V= YbusI ) Vbus=YbusIbus ; v1=Vbus ( 1,1 ) ; v2=Vbus ( 2,1 ) ; v3=Vbus ( 3,1 ) ; v4=Vbus ( 4,1 ) ; % Calculate electromotive force difference between coachs v12=v1-v2 ; v13=v1-v3 ; v14=v1-v4 ; v21=v2-v1 ; v23=v2-v3 ; v24=v2-v4 ; v31=v3-v1 ; v32=v3-v2 ; v34=v3-v4 ; v41=v4-v1 ; v42=v4-v2 ; v43=v4-v3 ; % current flow between coachs can be calculated by i12 = y12* ( v1-v2 ) i12=y12*v12 ; i13=y13*v13 ; i14=y14*v14 ; i21=y21*v21 ; i23=y23*v23 ; i24=y24*v24 ; i31=y31*v31 ; i32=y32*v32 ; i34=y34*v34 ; i41=y41*v41 ; i42=y42*v42 ; i43=y43*v43 ; % evident power can be calculated by s12 = v1 * conj ( i12 ) s12=v1*conj ( i12 ) ; s13=v1*conj ( i13 ) ; s14=v1*conj ( i14 ) ; s21=v2*conj ( i21 ) ; s23=v2*conj ( i23 ) ; s24=v2*conj ( i24 ) ; s31=v3*conj ( i31 ) ; s32=v3*conj ( i32 ) ; s34=v3*conj ( i34 ) ; s41=v4*conj ( i41 ) ; s42=v4*conj ( i42 ) ; s43=v4*conj ( i43 ) ; % Real power and Reactive power can be derived by following p12=real ( s12 ) ; p13=real ( s13 ) ; p14=real ( s14 ) ; q12=imag ( s12 ) ; q13=imag ( s13 ) ; q14=imag ( s14 ) ; p21=real ( s21 ) ; p23=real ( s23 ) ; p24=real ( s24 ) ; q21=imag ( s21 ) ; q23=imag ( s23 ) ; q24=imag ( s24 ) ; p31=real ( s31 ) ; p32=real ( s32 ) ; p34=real ( s34 ) ; q31=imag ( s31 ) ; q32=real ( s32 ) ; q34=imag ( s34 ) ; p41=real ( s41 ) ; p42=real ( s42 ) ; p43=real ( s43 ) ; q41=imag ( s41 ) ; q42=real ( s42 ) ; q43=imag ( s43 ) ; % terminalMatlab Calculation Results